Structions made therefrom



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IIIuminat-ingGrating or. Perforated Plate of Metal and other Malter'ialsfa nd Constructions mad-e. therefrom. No. 236,811. Patented Jan. 18,1881,

NJETERS, Pm O-UTNOGRAPNER, WASHINGTON, D. O.

(No model! I H T semen-sheen 2. IIIum-ina'tingIGrating er Perforated Plate of Metal and other Materials; end-Constructions made therefrom. No. 236,817. I Patentedlan. 18,1881.

imam. moro-umoemuzn. WASHINGTON- u. a

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(No Model.) v T. H YATT. V Illuminating Gra ting or Perforated Plate of- Metaland and-Constructions mad-e therefrom.

other Mater -N o.'23'6 Patented Jan. 18, I881 FIG. x.;

FIE IX WITNE. sEs' INVE'NTEIFK:

N-PETERS. PHOTO-UTHDGRAFNER, WASHINGTON, D C.

PATENT OFFICE.

THADDEUsHYATT, on NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO ELIZABETH AnELAmE LAKE HYATT, 0F sAME rLAoE.

lLLUMlNATlNG-GRATING 0R PERFQRATED PLATE 0F METAL AND OTHER MATERIALS, AND CON- STRUCTIONS MADE THEREFROM.

SPECIFICATION formingpart of Letters Patent No. 236,817, dated January 18, 1881.

l Application filed December 24, 1880. (No model.) Patented in England October 18, 1873, and March 4, 1874.

ing them of materials fire-proof in themselves or of materials made fire-proof.

The illuminating roofs, surfaces, and areacoverings now in general use throughout the country are constructions devised by me as an application to new and useful purposes of my original invention of an illuminating-grating or perforated metal plate set with glass,

patented by me as a'vault-cover or coal-hole plate in the year 184 5, as invented by me in the year 1834. 1 These constructions are made of naked metal, and consequently are not strictly fire-proof, although 'incom bustible.

My present invention is the application of strictly fire-proof illuminatin g-gratin gs or perforated plates set with glass to the construction of illuminating-roofs, walking and other surfaces, and embraces the following novel points, to wit: First, fireproofed illuminating-gratin gs where glasses previouslyinclosed in mounts'or jackets enter into the combination; second, glasses appliedleither nakedly or set in mounts) to fireproofed metal gratings or platesafter the fireproofing material has become set and hard; third, applying molded and-hardened fireproofing materials to glass-set'metal gratings or plates; fourth, ornamental fire-proof illuminating surfaces formed of the above-named construction materials; fifth, glass-set mounts in the form of common bricks, and constructions therefrom made in the manner of ordinary brick constructions,

Theilliiminating construction patented by me'in England in 1869 as a beam-platform, made ofillumihalting-gratin gs faced with asphalt, was fire-proof to the extent that asphalt is a fire-proof material and to the extent that the application of the material to one surface only could make it, but by reason of its coating became possessed of three qualities not existing in my previous structuresviz., first, fire-proof within the limits above stated; second, non-sweating to the extent of the covered'surface; third,non-slipping. The

concrete employed in the 1869 construction was a bituminous one.

My presentimprovements have reference to obtaining the above-named three qualities in better shape by employing hydraulic cements, concretes, and baked clays, the invention consisting in making glass-set gratings of baked clays, or of Portland or other hydraulic cement, concrete, or material possessing hydraulic properties, or of glass-set metal grata ings incased in fire-proofing material, and in constructions made therefrom, the novel features of 'the constructions being, first, a' continuous surface of the incasing material, and on both the weather and house face of the roof or surface; second, in addition to the fireproof quality, obtaining, as a result of covering both surfaces of the construction, security against the wrenching strains that now afl'ect illuminating-roofs and roof-pavements covered with concrete or material on the weather-face only, where the naked metal of the under side is expanded by the hot atmosphere below it at a moment'when the concrete or material without is feeling the effects of a winters freezing cold.

The aforesaid improvements were secured to me in England by Patents No. 3,380, Octo ber 18, 1873,an(1"No. 783, March 4, 1874. In the former the invention is described in the form of cells and cellquarries, the roofs or constructions formed by their union being honey-combed. In the latter the invention is described in the form of the ordinary illuminating-gratings or perforated metal plates in common use, the fireproofing materials employed'to cover them consisting of baked clays or brick in plain and ornamental shapes, also fire-clay combined with asbestus and gelatinous silica, also hydraulic cements and concretes, employed and applied either according to the ordinary andcommon methods of applying plastic materials or in a molded and hardened state, the union of any number of such incased gratings producing roofs and surfaces with fire-proofjunction-edges, and consequently complete fire-protection, because of the continuous fire-proof surface of the structure so formed.

In the drawings attached hereto, and making part of this specification, like parts are indicated by like letters in all the figures.

Figure I represents an illuminating-cell, A, a a being the top or weather face; (1 b, the sides; 0 c, the glasses. The cell is made of metal incased in fireproofing material, (represented by the dotted surface.) (I d is a portionofthe metal left exposed.

Fig. II represents acell-quarry holding seven glasses.

Fig. III represents the union of a number of such cell-quarries as employed to form roofs and surfaces.

Fig. IV represents a cast-iron grating, B, made with square light-holes, incased, like the cells, with fireproofing material. The lightholes are represented as set some with square glasses 0 c and others with circular glasses set in square mounts.

Fig.V represents three of such incased gratings joined by abutting them together, the fire-proof incasement of one grating being in this way brought into contact with the adjoining one, thus forming one continuous surface of fireproofing material over the entire roof or structure, as well upon the under as the upper face thereof. 0 represents a circularornamental mount inclosingacircularglass. D represents an octagon mount inclosin g a circular glass. E represents a hexagon mount inclosing a circular glass, and F represents a mount made of ordinary brick material in brick form, containing three glasses, and designed for being laid with other bricks, either illuminating orotherwise, in wall, partition, roof, and floor constructions requiring light.

Fig. VI represents an illuminating-grating where the glasses are inclosed in ornamental circular mounts, like 0.

Fig. VII represents an illuminating-grating where the glasses are inclosed in octagon mounts, like I); and Fig. VIII represents an illuminating-grating where the glasses are inclosed in hexagon mounts, like E. I prefer to make the mounts of colored baked clays, such as tessellated or Minton pavements are made of. They may be combined in the manner of making such pavements, or according to the plan described, and illustrated by Fig. 19, in my American Patent No. 206,332, July 23, 1878, where concrete surfaces are made in ornamental and design form by means either of glasses (when light is an object) made in ornamental shapes, or (where no light is wanted) by means of colored bricks in ornamental shape, the contour of the glasses or bricks expressing the design in the concrete forming the surface between them, the difl'erence between the Minton pavement and mine being that in place of joining the colored bricks or tiles closely, with only room enough for the cementing material, I place them farther apart, so as to make the concrete cementing body itself form a portion of the design surface.

Figs. IV and V represent incased gratings where a portion of the glasses are shown as set nakedly in square shape, and others of circular shape are set in square mounts to fit the openings of the grating. The gratings here shown are meant to represent the invention as described in my English Patent No. 783, 1874, where the glasses are set directly (nakedly) in the openings as left after the gratings have been incased; or theymay be first set in brick mounts, and these mounts be then joined to the incased grating by hydraulic cement.

Fig. IX represents, in cross-section, such a grating where the incasement has been put about the metal in the condition of a plastic material or concrete and allowed to set and harden before joining' the glasses to it, the glasses, whether naked, as represented in the figure, or set in brick mounts, as mentioned in the English patent, being then let into the apertures and there fixed by means of hydraulic cement.

Fig. X represents, in cross-section, the same thing as Fig. 1X, except that the fireprooflng material, instead of being put about the metal in plastic condition, is first molded and hardened, or, if made of baked clay, is then in the form of terra-cotta or brick sections e e, which embrace the bar of the grating d on either side.

Where the gratings are incased by the method represented by Fig. X, it is evident that the glasses, whether naked or in mounts, must be joined to them after the incasement has been put on. It is also evident that where the material is put about the grating in a plastic state and allowed to set and harden, as intended to be represented by Fig. IX, the glasses, whether naked or set in mounts, require to be united by hydraulic cement to the incased grating.

Figs. XI and XII illustrate a mode of in casing the grating, with the glasses, whether naked or in mounts, placed in the openings of the grating before the application of the incasin g material, whether in a plastic state or in a molded and hardened one.

Fig. XI represents the plastic method of incasement, the process being interrupted when half finished.

Fig. XII represents the dry method of molded sections. It is seen that the incasement, whether plastic or hard, can be as easily applied with the glasses in position as not, and whether set in mounts or nakedly, the method of setting being the same in both cases.

Having thus fully described and illustrated my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. Illuminatin g-gratin gs or perforated metal plates set with glasses, in combination with a fireproofed gratings or plates, as aforesaid, so

combined as to produce a practically continuous fire-proof roof and walking-surface, sub- 1 stantially as and for the purposes herein described, and illustrated by my drawings.

4. Illuminating-roofs and walking-surfaces formed by the combination of any number of illuminating gratings or perforated metal plates overlaid by orincased with ornamental fireproofin g materials, substantially as and for the purposes herein set forth, and illustrated by my drawings.

5. Illuminating-roofs and walkingsurfaces formed by the combination of any number of illuminatinggratings or perforated metal plates overlaid by or incased with fireproofing materials in which the glasses are inclosed in jackets or mounts, substantially as and for the purposes herein set forth, and illustrated by my drawings.

6; Applying fireproofin g material in molded and hardened form as an overlayer or as an incasement to illuminating-gratings or perforated metal plates, substantially as and for the purposes herein set forth and illustrated by my drawings.

7. Applying the glasses of illuminating gratings or plates, when overlaid by or incased in fireproofing material, after the same has become set and hard, substantially as and for the purposes herein set forth, and illustrated by my drawings.

THADDEUS HYATT.

Witnesses:

GEO. M. LooKwoon, L. BACON. 

